Preparation of Manuscript: - Presentation of manuscripts should conform with the uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Authors are advised to see a recent issue of the Journal to get familiar with the format adopted on various elements of a paper. All the manuscripts should be submitted in the order set forth below. Failure to follow these instructions may result in the manuscript being returned to the author(s) for revision before it will be reviewed. General. Manuscripts must be typewritten, doublespaced with wide margin on A-4 size good quality bond paper. Each of these segments of the manuscript should begin on a new page: title page; abstract; introduction; references; legends; tables.

I. Title Page. This should be as concise and as informative as possible. List (i) title; (ii) the initials followed by the last name of each author; (iii) the name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed; (iv) the name and address of the author to whom queries, proofs and requests for reprints should be sent; and (v) a short running title (not exceeding 5-6 words).

II. Abstract and Key Words. The second page should carry a structured abstract of not more than 200 words with subheadings of Background and objectives, Methods, Results and Conclusions (unstructured abstract for case reports). It should be written for the readership of both clinicians and basic investigators and should state the hypothesis or central question of the study or investigation, the study subjects or experimental animals, observational and analytical methods, the main findings, and a final statement of the principal conclusions. Three to six key words using, where possible terms of medical subjects headings list from Index Medicus.

III. Introduction. It should commence on separate page and should briefly review the current state of knowledge strictly concerning the topic of the paper. It should also make a clear statement on the reasons for undertaking the study being reported and what it hoped to achieve. No mention should be made of the results obtained or conclusions drawn.

IV. Material and Methods. The material (patients, experimental animals, etc.) used for making observations must be described along with all other relevant information. The methods used in the study should be described, giving sufficient information to permit the work to be repeated. If a generally accepted technique has been used, only a reference to that is enough. If, however, such a technique has been modified by the workers, the manner in which this has been done should be clearly stated. If statistical analysis of the data has been done, the methods used for analysis should be specified.

V. Results. This section should not include materials suitable for inclusion in "Material and Methods' or "Discussion". The results should be presented in logical sequence in the text, tables and illustrations. The data presented in the tables or figures should not be repeated in the text. Only important and significant observations should be included.

VI. Discussion. This should be limited to significance of results obtained and what can and what cannot be concluded and why. It should not be a repetition of the findings already given under 'Results'. Results should be discussed in the light of others' work in the field. Speculative and purely theoretical discussion to which results presented are not related will not be accepted.

VII. Acknowledgements. Acknowledgement should be brief and made specific for scientific/technical assistance and financial supports in the form of grants/drugs/ equipment only and for not providing routine departmental facilities and for help in the preparation of manuscript (including typing/secretarial assistance).

VIII. References. References should be typed on a separate page after the text and these should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses. References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure. The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in Index Medicus. Consult the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus, published annually as a separate publication by the library and as a list in the January issue of Index Medicus. The list can also be obtained through the library's web site (http://www.nlm.nih.gov). Unpublished work should not be cited in references, but may be cited fully parenthetically within the text. List all the authors when there are six or fewer; but when there are seven or more, list the first six, then 'et al'. Examples of correct form of references are given here :

1. Standard journal article

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 284-7.

More than six authors:

Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res 2002; 935 (1-2): 40-6.

2. Article published electronically ahead of the print version

Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derived precursor cells. Blood 2002 Nov 15; 100(10): 3828-31. Epub 2002 July 5.

3. Volume with supplement

Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short-and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache 2002; 42 Suppl 2: S93-9.

4. Issue with supplement

Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology 2002; 58 (12 Suppl 7): S6-12.

5. Type of article indicated as needed

Tor M, Turker H. International approaches to the prescription of long-term oxygen therapy [letter]. Eur Respir J 2002; 20(1): 242.

Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE. Characteristics of older methadone maintenance (MM) patients [abstract]. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 66 Suppl 1: S105.

6. Volume with part

Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological viewpoint. Int J Psychoanal 2002; 83 (Pt 2): 491-5.

7. Issue with part

Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a large animal model for lung tumours. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002; 13(9 Pt 1): 923-8.

8. Issue with no volume

Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 2002; (401): 230-8.

9. No volume or issue Outreach: bringing HIV-positive individuals into care. HRSA Careaction 2002 Jun: 1-6.

10. Pagination in roman numerals

Chadwick R, Schuklenk U. The politics of ethical consensus finding. Bioethics 2002; 16(2): iii-v.

11. Organization as author

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 2002; 40(5): 679- 86.

12. Both personal authors and an organization as author (This example does not conform to NISO standards).

Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol 2003; 169(6): 2257-61.

13. No author given 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ 2002; 325(7357): 184.

14. Article containing retraction

Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63(2): 169. Retraction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61(12): 909-11.

15. Article retracted

Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61(12): 909-11. Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63(2): 169.

16. Article republished with corrections

Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. The reproductive importance of P-type ATPases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 188(1- 2): 22-5. Corrected and republished from: Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 183(1-2): 123-6.

17. Article with published erratum

Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther 2000; 22(10): 1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in : Clin Ther 2001; 23(2): 309.

18. Article not in English

(Note: NLM translates the title into English, encloses the translation in square brackets, and adds an abbreviated language designator.)

Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisinog jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2002; 122(8): 785-7.

Personal Communication

Name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, authors should obtain written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication.

Unpublished Material

19. In press

(Note: NLM prefers "forthcoming" because not all items will be printed.)

Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. In press 2002.

Books and Other Monographs

20. Chapter in a book

Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumours. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2002; pp 93-113.

21. Conference paper

Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for genetic programming. In : Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale Ireland. Berlin: Springer. 2002; pp 182-91.

22. Personal author(s)

Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology; 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby. 2002.

23. Editor(s), compiler(s) as author

Gilstrap LC (3rd), Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative Obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw- Hill. 2002.

24. Author(s) and editor(s)

Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent Pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek RR, editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.

25. Organization(s) as author

Royal Adelaide Hospital; University of Adelaide, Department of Clinical Nursing. Compendium of Nursing Research and Practice Development, 1999-2000. Adelaide (Australia): Adelaide University; 2001.

26. Conference proceedings

Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.

27. Scientific or technical report

Issued by funding/sponsoring agency:

Yen GG (Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stillwater, OK). Health monitoring on vibration signatures. Final report. Arlington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), Air Force Research Laboratory; 2002 Feb. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123. Contract No.: F496209810049.

Issued by performing agency:

Russelll ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring the size distribution of airborne Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division; 2002 Jan. Report No.: LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored by the Department of Energy.

28. Dissertation

Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic Americans [dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Michigan University; 2002.

29. Patent

Pegedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R& D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.

Other Published Material

30. Newspaper article

Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in assault rate. The Washington Post. 2002 Aug 12; Sect. A:2 (col. 4).

31. Audiovisual material

Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism [videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education; 2002.

32. Legal Material

Public law:
Veterans Hearing Loss Compensation Act of 2002, Pub.L.No. 107-9, 115 Stat. 11 (May 24, 2001).

Unenacted bill:
Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (2001).

Code of Federal Regulations:
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction Control, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 870.4430 (2002).

Hearing:
Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Update on the Science, Benefits and Cost: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Environment, Technology and Standards of the House Comm. on Science, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (Oct. 4, 2001).

33. Map

Pratt B, Flick, P, Vynne C, cartographers. Biodiversity hotspots [map]. Washington: Conservation International; 2000.

34. Dictionary and similar references

Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000. Filamin; p. 675. Electronic Material

35. CD-ROM

Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson's Electronic Atlas of Hematology [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.

36. Journal article on the Internet

Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [serial on the Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12]; 102(6) : [about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nursingworld. org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm

37. Monograph on the Internet

Foley KM, Gelband H, editors. Improving palliative care for cancer [monograph on the Internet]. Washington: National Academy Press; 2001 [cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/books/ 0309074029/html/.

38. Homepage/Web site

Cancer-Pain.org [homepage on the Internet]. New York: Association of Cancer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/.

39. Part of a homepage/Web site

American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet]. Chicago: The Association; c1995-2002 [updated 2001 Aug 23; cited 2002 Aug 12]. AMA Office of Group Practice Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http/ /www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category1736.html.

40. Database on the Internet

Open database:
Who's Certified [database on the Internet]. Evanston (IL): The American Board of Medical Specialists. c2000-[cited 2001 Mar 8]. Available from: http://www.abms.org/ newsearch.asp

Closed database:
Jablonski S. Online Multiple Congential Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). c1999 [updated 2001 Nov 20; cited 2002 Aug 12]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ jablonski/syndrome_title.html

41. Part of a database on the Internet

MeSH Browser [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2002 - [cited 2003 Jun 10]. Meta-analysis; unique ID: D015201; [about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ MBrowser.html Files updated weekly.

MeSH Browser [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2002 - [cited 2003 Jun 10]. Meta-analysis; unique ID: D015201; [about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ MBrowser.html Files updated weekly.

Correctness of the reference list is the entire responsibility of the author (s).

Figures and Tables

Figures. Glossy print photographs (in triplicate) are required (usually 10 cm × 8 cm); good black and white contrast is essential for good reproduction. All illustrations must be numbered and cited in the text. Legends should be provided for each illustration, listed on a separate page. All lettering must be done professionally. Freehand or typed lettering is not acceptable. All figures should bear author's name, short title and an arrow indicating top of the figure in pencil on the back of the photographs. Colour illustrations must be paid by the authors. Please ask rates/charges from the Publication Office of the IJCDAS.

Tables. Each table should be typed double-spaced on a separate sheet. They should have an underlined title followed by a legend, if any. Explanatory matter should be in a footnote, not in the title. The approximate position of each table in the text should be indicated in the margin of the manuscript.

Page Proofs and Reprints. A galley proof will be sent to the corresponding author which should be returned within four days. Corrections should be limited to printers errors only and no substantial additions/ deletions should be made. No change in the names of authors (by way of additions and/or deletions) is permissible at the proof stage. Twenty-five reprints of the article will be sent free of cost to the corresponding author.

Papers which have been accepted/published become the property of the Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences and permission to re-publish them must be obtained from the Editor.

CHECKLIST FOR SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT

- Covering letter including copy-right release
- Three copies of typescript of the article on A-4 size paper
- Name and address of author responsible for correspondence about the manuscript, including highest degree and affiliations of each author.
- Abstract (upto 150 words) along with 3-6 key words
- Running title (5-6 words)
- Three glossy prints for each illustration (10 cm × 8 cm), appropriately labelled and each illustration is cited in the text. Submit the legends on a separate sheet in the manuscript.
- Check all references for accuracy and completeness. Put references in proper format in numerical order, making sure each is cited in the text.